Time management is required in simulations to ensure that temporal aspects of the system un der investigation are correctly reproduced by the simulation model. This paper describes the time management services that have been de fined in the High Level Architecture. The need for time management services is discussed, as well as design rationales that lead to the current definition of the HLA time management ser vices. These services are described, highlighting information that must flow between federates and the Runtime Infrastructure (RTI) software in order to efficiently implement time manage ment algorithms.
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We evaluated the usefulness of quantifying blood plasma adenovirus DNA loads for the management of adenovirus infection. Quantification of adenovirus A, B, and C DNA loads was done with real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays. Blood plasma specimens obtained from 44 immunocompromised patients were screened prospectively with this method. PCR findings for 36 patients were negative, and none of the patients developed disseminated adenoviral disease. PCR findings for 8 patients were positive; all 8 had invasive adenoviral disease and were treated with cidofovir. Sequential measurements of adenovirus DNA loads were performed to monitor the effect of cidofovir therapy. Decrease in the blood plasma DNA load was significantly higher in patients with a good response to cidofovir than in patients with a poor response and was therefore correlated with survival. Detection of adenovirus DNA in blood plasma appears to be useful for identifying patients at risk for invasive disease. Moreover, quantification of adenovirus DNA loads in plasma is helpful for monitoring the efficacy of antiviral therapy.
